innocent victim.69 Moltmann’s critics did not always consider his argument that God suffers the loss of the Son in this abandonment, and that while God the Father abandons Jesus here, they are simultaneously profoundly united in what they will.70 This is a deeply personal part of his theology,71 and very controversial. By speaking of God the Father abandoning Jesus the Son in this way, Moltmann attempts to articulate how the triune God participates in human suffering, despair, and guilt while remaining
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